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Why the maximum height of a mountain on Earth is 10km ?

Explanation

  • The maximum height of mountain on earth depends upon shear modulus of rock.
  • At the base of the mountain, the stress due to all the rock on the top should be less than the
    critical shear stress at which the rock begins to flow.

  • Suppose the height of the mountain
    is h and the density of its rock is ρ . Then force per unit area (due to the weight of the
    mountain) at the base = hρ g
  • The material at the experience this force per unit area in the vertical direction, but sides
    of the mountain area free.
  • Hence there is a tangential shear of the order of hρ g . The
    elastic limit for a typical rock is about 3 ×108 Nm −2 and its density is 3 ×103 kgm¯³
    Hence hmax ρ g = 3 ×108
    Or hmax = 10, 000m = 10km

Hence , maximum height of mountain is 10km.

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